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LASER ABLATION OF PAINT COATINGS IN INDUSTRY

2021, Teirumnieks, Edmunds, Lazov, Lyubomir, Nikolay Angelov, Teirumnieka, Ērika, Adijāns, Imants, Antons, Pacejs

A comparison is made between the laser and sandblasting methods for removing paint from industrial facilities. The advantages of laser ablation are discussed. The possibilities of laser paint removal systems - stationary and moving - are shown. The main factors influencing the laser ablation process and the indicators that determine the quality of the obtained surface are systematized. Researchers' publications on this technological process are analyzed.

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PRELIMINARY NUMERICAL ANALYSIS FOR THE ROLE OF SPEED ONTO LASER TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES

2019, Lazov, Lyubomir, Nikolay Angelov, Teirumnieks, Edmunds, Teirumnieka, Ērika

Studying the impact of speed on a number of laser processes such as marking, engraving, cutting, welding and others is crucial for the optimization of these technological processes. The processing speed, along with the frequency of laser pulses and their duration, also determines the time of action in the processing area and hence the absorbed quantity of electromagnetic energy. Based on numerical experiments with specialized software TEMPERATURFELD3D, the report analyzes the temperature variation in the processing area as a function of speed. The researches were analyzed for processing with two types of lasers emitting in the visible and infrared areas of the electromagnetic spectrum and two types of steels (tool and structural). From the course of the obtained temperature fields the dependence of temperature on the speed at two power densities was obtained. The obtained results help to make a preliminary assessment the speed work intervals for the processes as laser marking, laser engraving, laser cutting, laser welding and others. In this way, it is assisted in building an optimal concept for the passing of a particular technological process in function of the laser source, the material and the type of the technological operation.

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Analyze of Leachate Composition in the Dumpsites of East-Latgale Region

2003, Teirumnieks, Edmunds, Teirumnieka, Ērika

There are are 28 working or closed but not recultivated municipal solid waste dumpsites in East-Latgale now. A number of these dumpsites are situated near lakes, rivers, in old mineral quarries etc [3, 6]. All these dumpsites pollute groundwater, soil and present danger for human health. One of the dangerous factors is leachate which is generated in these dumpsites and which pollutes groundwate, soil and drinking water. The analysis of leachate sample chemical content in the biggest East-Latgale dumpsites “Ritini”, “Zvirgzdene”, “Zelceva” and “Mostovaja” has been done in 2002. The content of leachate depends on content of waste, dumpsite management etc. The most polluted leachate is in the biggest dumpsites of region – “Ritini” and “Zvirgzdene”. These are city dumpsites (Rezekne and Ludza). Significantly less polluted leachate is found in the dumpsites “Zelceva” and “Mostovaja”. This is valid for all analyzed parameters – COD, conductivity, Ntot., NH4 + and Cl.

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ON MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF THE 2-D FILTRATION PROBLEM IN POROUS AXIAL SYMMETRICAL CYLINDER

2017, Kangro, Ilmārs, Harijs Kalis, Teirumnieka, Ērika, Teirumnieks, Edmunds

In this paper we study diffusion and convection filtration problem of one substance through the pores of a porous material which may absorb and immobilize some of the diffusing substances. As an example we consider round cylinder with filtration process in the axial direction. The cylinder is filled with sorbent i.e. absorbent material that passed through dirty water or liquid solutions. We can derive the system of two partial differential equations (PDEs). One equation is expressing the rate of change of concentration of water in the pores of the sorbent and the other - the rate of change of concentration in the sorbent or kinetically equation for absorption. The approximation of corresponding initial boundary value problem of the system of PDEs is based on the conservative averaging method (CAM). This procedure allows reducing the 2-D axis-symmetrical mass transfer problem described by a system of PDEs to initial value problem for a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) of the first order.

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Distribution of iron and iron compounds in the Kemeri - Jaunkemeri occurence of sulphide water

2015, Janis Prols, Teirumnieka, Ērika, Teirumnieks, Edmunds

Iron concentrations, distribution and migration forms, depending on pH and oxidation – reduction potential, were analyzed in case of the Kemeri-Jaunkemeri occurrence (area about 240 km2) of sulphide containing water (maximal sulphides concentration – 74 mg/l), located in Latvia. Iron content was investigated in 457 wells located within all area of occurrence. Those wells were installed to two aquifers: the Quarternary multi-aquifer and Salaspils aquifer, where occurrence of sulphide containing groundwater is distributed. All groundwater of occurrence is classified in four types depending on oxygen, sulphides and organic matter content in the groundwater.  Modeling of groundwater migration forms was carried out, and it is stated that iron migrates basically as Fe2 in oxygen and suphides non-containing water. Migration forms are influenced by concentration of organic matter in the aquifer. The portion of Fe2 migrating in a form of free decreases due to formation of complexes with fulvic and humic acids, which can reach 36.5% of all migration forms. Iron migrates as Fe(OH)3  in oxygen containing water (more than 99% of determined forms). Presence of iron is ascertained also in sulphides containing water, where iron migrates basically as (98.8% of determined forms).  This occurs due to formation of complexes with sulphydes – FeHS- and Fe(HS)2o.

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SPECIAL SPLINE APPROXIMATION FOR THE SOLUTION OF THE NON-STATIONARY 3-D MASS TRANSFER PROBLEM

2021, Kangro, Ilmārs, Harijs Kalis, Teirumnieks, Edmunds, Teirumnieka, Ērika

In this paper we consider the conservative averaging method (CAM) with special spline approximation for solving the non-stationary 3-D mass transfer problem. The special hyperbolic type spline, which interpolates the middle integral values of piece-wise smooth function is used. With the help of these splines the initial-boundary value problem (IBVP) of mathematical physics in 3-D domain with respect to one coordinate is reduced to problems for system of equations in 2-D domain. This procedure allows reduce also the 2-D problem to a 1-D problem and thus the solution of the approximated problem can be obtained analytically. The accuracy of the approximated solution for the special 1-D IBVP is compared with the exact solution of the studied problem obtained with the Fourier series method. The numerical solution is compared with the spline solution. The above-mentioned method has extensive physical applications, related to mass and heat transfer problems in 3-D domains.

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ON-LINE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING FOR WORKERS WITH THE MOODLE SYSTEM TO IMPROVE PROFESSIONAL SKILLS IN GREEN CONSTRUCTIONS

2019, Lazov, Lyubomir, Teirumnieka, Ērika, Teirumnieks, Edmunds, Nedka Atanasova, Tsanko Karadzhov

On the global agenda, environmental issues are becoming ever more pressing every moment. At present, it is not enough for individual countries to tackle global climate issues on their own. The time has come for a joint effort to mitigate climate change. The Paris Agreement is an agreement within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, dealing with greenhouse-gas-emissions mitigation, adaptation, and finance, starting in the year 2020. The Paris Agreement's long-term goal is to keep the increase in global average temperature to well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels, and to limit the increase to 1.5 °C, since this would substantially reduce the risks and effects of climate change. It is not enough for states to sign this type of act, they need to take active steps to implement them and achieve the set goals. Energy, green construction, resource saving, educating the population, new and advanced teaching methods - all that is required for any global setup to be locally addressed. Now, we are in a situation where the exchange of transnational experience and knowledge is an important stage in solving energy efficiency issues through the education prism. This article will provide an analysis of the experience of four countries in the field of green construction.

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THE APPLICATION OF HEMP IN BIOECONOMY

2021, Teirumnieka, Ērika, Dagnija Blumberga, Teirumnieks, Edmunds

Global trends in the world are currently representing a serious incentive to bring ‘green thinking’ to life. This is the case of replacing synthetic materials derived from fossil resources with natural-origin, renewable resources. In the automotive industry and other segments of the manufacturing industry, increasing attention is being paid to the use of natural fibers in the manufacturing of composite materials. For example, flax and hemp fiber, as reinforcing material, is starting to widely replace carbon fiber. It is not just an ecological benefit, but also an important product protecting human health, since the amount of emissions that pollute the environment is minimized. Consequently, that lead to reduced intake by human being of harmful substances that would affect its health status. Existing composite materials used in motor vehicles, produced from carbon fibers, are creating very sharp fracture areas in the event of accidents causing human injury, while materials from natural fiber plants in this case are free from sharp edges at the place of fracture. Raw materials derived from hemp processing are used in the automotive, textile industry, construction (hemp concrete, heat insulation material), energy, biofuel production, arts and design, paper production, food, medicine, etc. This paper covers the main types of products derived from hemp.

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COLOR MARKING OF STAINLESS STEEL AND TITANIUM WITH THE LASER OXIDATION METHOD

2023, Petar Tsvyatkov, Emil Yankov, Lazov, Lyubomir, Teirumnieks, Edmunds, Teirumnieka, Ērika

Marking of metal products is essential in many industrial processes. It is mandatory for the finished products according to regulations of the European and world legislation. Traditional marking usually creates contrasting symbols that can easily be erased and forged.In recent years, a new method for product identification has appeared - color marking. One of the advantages of this method is that it is difficult to counterfeit. This article aims to present the progress of color marking technology on two types of materials. Three groups of factors have been analyzed: the laser source; the technological process; material properties. Their role in obtaining a specific color marking on Ti and AISI 304 is shown. The results are presented in tables. Each color can be repeated only with strict observance of the three groups of factors.

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INVESTIGATIONS OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASLE LANDFILLS LEACHALE TREATMENT

2007, Teirumnieks, Edmunds, Līga Bērziņa-Cimdiņa, Juris Mālers, Gatis Pelčers, Teirumnieka, Ērika

Municipal solid waste landfills are one of the most dangerous environment “point" polluters. The main polluter in landfills is leachate, which arise mainly of waste moisture and precipitations. Leachate is very contaminated wastewater and all landfills operators have problems in leachate treatment sector, because composition of leachate contaminants and concentrations very changed in time. It is very problematic task for selection of leachate treatment method or methods. Normally, in leachate treatment practice combination of different treatment methods are used. In this paper composition of leachate in two biggest Latvia landfills are described. Leachate treatment investigations were achieved with coagulation and sorbtion methods. In researches leachate with coagulants Al2(SOf3 and FeCl3 and peat as sorbent are treated. Researches showed that peat is very effective sorbent for heavy metals removing from leachate.