Martinovs, Andris

2017, Svetlana Polukoshko, Martinovs, Andris, Svetlana Sokolova

This paper deal with shock and vibration insulators, which usually are performed from the elastomeric (rubber-like) materials. Elastomeric materials give many engineering advantages due to their capability of absorbing input energy much better than engineering materials, high elasticity, good dynamic properties, low volume compressibility, a linear relationship between stress and strain up to strain of 15% ÷ 20%, resistance to aggressive environmental factors. Elastomeric materials are widely used in machine building, shipbuilding, civil engineering, aviation and aerospace as compensation devices, vibration dampers, shock absorbers. Laminated elastomers, consisting of interleaved thin layers of elastomer and rigid reinforcing layers are also successfully used as bearing, joints, dampers, compensating devices, shock-absorbers. Such structures have many advantages: ability to endure high stress (>200 MPa), ease of maintenance, non- necessity for lubrication, vibration and noise reduction, ability to work in a very dirty, dusty, abrasive environment. The disadvantage of elastomeric material are aging, i.e. changing its properties over time. In this paper the influence of aging of elastomeric materials on the damping properties of shock absorbers is considered based on the mechanical models of elastomers - Maxwell and Burgers modes. Fatigue endurance, i.e. the ability to withstand mechanical actions for a long time is studied based on experiments on dynamic shear with laminated rubber-metal structures. The experiments show that such structures have a very high fatigue life - up to 100 million cycles.

2018, Svetlana Polukoshko, Martinovs, Andris, Zaicevs, Edgars

The vibration dampers, shock absorbers, seismic isolation, bearing seals, compensation devices are widely applied in civil engineering, machine manufacturing and shipbuilding, aviation and aerospace engineering. For these details fabrication elastomeric materials are used. Rubber and rubber-like materials (elastomers) have the capability of absorbing input energy much better than other engineering materials. Elastomeric materials give many engineering advantages due to their high elasticity, good dynamic properties, low volume compressibility, a linear relationship between stress and strain at small and middle deformation, resistance to aggressive environmental factors. The disadvantage of elastomeric materials is ageing, i.e. changing their mechanical properties over time and lowering their operational capability. In given paper the influence of ageing of elastomeric materials on the damping properties of shock absorbers is considered based on the mechanical models of elastomers - Maxwell and Burgers modes.

2018, Svetlana Polukoshko, Martinovs, Andris, Vladimirs Gonca

In this paper the important for the design of shock-absorbers case of a perfectly rigid body impact with a viscoelastic incompressible body is considered. Mathematical apparatus for calculating the parameters of impact of a rigid body with a highly- elastic rod is developed, taking into account the peculiarities of the behavior of elastomers under fast loading. An analytical solution was obtained for longitudinal impact on a vertically disposed rod. The solution was fulfilled by means of the Bubnov- Galerkin variational method, reducing the problem to solving of the integro-differential equation for given boundary and initial conditions The solution is received for the exponential relaxation kernel for the Maxwell model of a highly-elastic material, it describes the process of damped longitudinal vibration, taking into account the effect of creep caused by the instantaneous impact loading. Based on the equation of vibratory motion the equations of velocity and acceleration are received, which are used for stress-strain behavior analysis of rubber damper. A numerical example of an axial tensile impact on a viscoelastic shock-absorber in the form of a cylindrical rod is given with the plots of time dependence of displacement, velocity, and acceleration of the impact end of the rod are provided, the possibility of using them for analyzing the shock absorber is demonstrated.

2019, Svetlana Polukoshko, Martinovs, Andris, Zaicevs, Edgars

Elastomeric materials, both natural rubber and synthetic, are widely used in industry and civil engineering, due to their unique properties: high elasticity, low volume compressibility, capability to absorb and dissipate input energy, a linear relationship between stress and strain up to strain of 15% ÷ 20%, resistance to aggressive environmental factors. Different kind of compensation devices, vibration dampers, shock absorbers are fabricated from rubber materials.At the same time the elastomeric materials nonreversible change their properties over time, this disadvantage is called ageing.In given paper the results of experimental studying of the influence of aging on the physical-and-mechanical properties of polyurethane rubber is presented. The samples of cylindrical form were prepared from soft flexible polyurethane rubber Xenias PX30 and subjected to the artificial ageing. Accelerated aging of samples was fulfilled in accordance with European standard ISO 188:2011 (Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic - Accelerated ageing and heat resistance tests).The changing of volume, Shore A hardness, elastic rebound coefficient and static elasticity modulus under compression were investigated. Experiments showed the volume decrease, hardness shore increasing, elastic rebound increase and compression modulus under static loading increasing. This data are necessary for correct designing of the compensation devices to provide their working properties during all service life.

2017, Martinovs, Andris, Svetlana Polukoshko, Elvijs Apeinans, Zaicevs, Edgars

In this paper an express-method and equipment for experimental determination of the 4-element rheological model constants (2 elastic modulus, 2 viscosity coefficients) for elastomers are developed. The method is based on rebound of falling hammer against an elastomer material. A mathematical model for describing this collision is elaborated and an algorithm for determination of the constants of the model was developed and realized in Matlab software. Time necessary for determination of the constants is until 5 minutes. It gives an opportunity to significantly accelerate the design and production process of elastomer-metal vibration isolator prototypes with defined parameters of stiffness and damping. The method allows to trace displacement, velocity and acceleration of the metal parts of the shock absorber throughout the collision; this may be realized with Matlab or an analogical program of numerical integration. For forecasting of the mechanical properties of the shock absorber during a long period (considering the aging of elastomer) it is necessary to know the rheological model parameter dependence on time, temperature, energy input and other factors; the proposed method allows to significantly accelerate these experimental studies.